Modern medicine is increasingly inclined to the parasitic theory of the emergence of diseases and states that when living parasites in the human body, there is a pattern in the development of all types of violations. There are more than 300 known organisms, the main parasitic of life on the surface of the skin and in the interior of man. All types of parasites have different life cycles, the mechanisms of parasitic, but it combines a parasitic diseases cause enormous harm to the person.
Classification of types of parasites in the human body
There is a division in the true and the false parasitism. Cases in which the plague to the human parasites not referred to, damage in case you accidentally swallowed are associated with evil. An example of this are the insects and the leeches in the throat or ears the hallways. Due to the risk of major damage, the obstruction of the airways is required of emergency for the removal of the plague. The treatment of a true parasitism mainly drug depends on the type of pest.
The parasites that live on the surface of the body and in the outside bodies
The organisms that live as a parasite on the surface of the skin — head lice, ticks, bed bugs, some species of flies, mosquitoes. Cause harm to the person by the bites, form in the skin epidermis of the colony, causing lesions of the skin. Parasites are a serious threat to the man, being vectors of infections and viruses, such as encephalitis, malaria, typhoid fever, plague, anthrax.
Protozoa
This small parasite in man, composed of only one cell and parasitic in various organs and tissues, causes a severe disease which is often chronic. One of the most well-known are amoeba, giardia, Toxoplasma. The way of the penetration of the parasites are very varied, mainly through food and water. Some types can cause deadly diseases, for example, a type of amoeba that lives in water and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Helminths
In the group of helminth-carrying species of worms that inhabit the interior of the bodies of living beings. They are large enough that they live in the body of the parasites can cause considerable the defeat of the tissues and organs, and in the absence of treatment, even, be the cause of the death.
Distinguish these types of parasites in the body:
- Roundworms, nematodes, are 1-2 mm (Trichinella) up to several tens of centimeters (ascaride). Some species, such as Ancylostoma, penetrate through the skin.
- Trematody, flatworms, in the village received the name of "flukes" because of the suction cups in the body. The infection occurs when ingested invasive form of the parasite that develops in the body of an intermediate host or in the water.
- The larger helminths, cestodes, most well-known names ribbon worms or tsepni. Are more than 10-15 m (bull tsepen), and the largest representative, lentets wide, reaching more than 20 m. Intermediate teacher and source of infection are usually farm animals.
Location, how and where they live parasites
There are several forms of location. Temporal localization involves the permanence of the parasite in the organism in a particular cycle of development. Fixed the way, when the parasites in the body living its entire life cycle, laying their eggs in the human body and do not require for their maturation intermediate host. The transit of the shape of the location is considered to be the period of the migration of the parasite to a habitat.
For the diagnosis and treatment is important to keep in mind the shape and appearance of the location. By the location are divided in 2 main groups. The first group - living as a parasite on the skin of the bodies. The parasites in the interior of the person, affecting internal organs, varieties, which can live in the bones, tissues and fluids, constitute the group of endoparasites, she is carrying the protozoa, and helminths.
The parasites on the inside and on the skin of the person
Internal parasites human are divided into 2 types of parasites of the tissues and the parasites of the abdominal organs, related to the external environment. There are atypical forms of the invasion, when the parasites enter unusual for their type of habitat, which hampers diagnosis and treatment, especially to the defeat of the brain.
The parasites that live on the surface of the body and in the external bodies have two main ways parasitic, temporary and permanent. The pests that do not live in the epidermis of the living beings that feed through insect bites, are temporary and dangerous infections. The parasites that live on the skin of the person that violates the integrity of the epithelium, causing dermatological diseases.
The species found
Common parasites that lives on the epidermis of the skin, are the causative agent of scabies — the itch mite, lice, the drivers of the lice, and the ticks is the causative agent of infection. In the spring and autumn period appear Ixodes mites that live in the countryside and the forested area. Of the simplest, most common of these types of parasites in humans, such as giardia, Toxoplasma, trichomonas, amoeba, Plasmodium. The common worms are referred to the bovine species and swine tsepen, and the biggest one is the choice of lentets. Among the nematode is often diagnosed ascaride, ostritsy, Trichinella, vlasoglavy. Of trematodes most common Fluke of the liver, and a giant.
The common symptoms of the invasion of the
When the eggs of the parasites or adult parasites of organisms that enter the body of the person begins the period of incubation, during which a parasitic infection can be asymptomatic. The signs of ectoparasites visible at the same time, the skin will appear allergic rash, wounds, itching. To identify endo-parasites more difficult, parasitic diseases, often have symptoms similar to other diseases. Main symptoms caused by the action of toxins, is often viewed as a consequence of the fatigue and ignored.
The signal for diagnosis is the emergence of such symptoms:
- allergic reactions to the products of the vital activity of the parasite;
- anemia;
- headaches;
- without a cause sleep disorders;
- dyspeptic disorder;
- common: nausea, abdominal pain, pain;
- the violation of work gastrointestinal tract;
- the increase of the temperature of the body;
- pain in the liver or the increase of the authority;
- frequent, without causing pain in the joints, muscles;
- any long malaise, not related to other diagnosed with the disorder diseases.
The diagnosis
Detect ectoparasites on the skin is possible when the visual inspection and microscopic analysis of tissues. Make it difficult the diagnosis can be strong allergic reactions and secondary infection, that look like skin diseases, do not have spurious source.
In a timely manner to find the presence of endoparasites is much more difficult, the list of parasites in the body of the person exceeds hundreds of species, it is necessary to comprehensive diagnosis, which consists of several tests and procedures:
- the general analysis of blood;
- test immunoadsorption enzyme of the blood;
- study of the cala;
- The ct scan and the ultrasound allows to detect quickly a great guy;
- the analysis of duodenal contents;
- the study of the secretion duodenal 12.
Drugs and the treatment of
The treatment of the parasitic diseases must necessarily be integral, that is appointed doctor on the basis of the laboratory analysis and the individual characteristics of the patient. This is due to the high toxicity of the drugs, the need for monitoring of the condition of the patient. Independent of that the treatment may have adverse consequences, lead to life-threatening complications. If the parasites in man is not typically located, to identify the risks and methods of treatment without specialist impossible.
Curative interventions are conventionally divided into three stages. The preparation phase is necessary to remove toxins from the body, the relief of acute symptoms and for the protection of the internal organs from the harmful effects of drugs. To these effects, is prescribed hepatoprotectors, the special preparations for cleaning the body, antibiotics, diet.
The second step is the elimination of the parasites, begin when the patient's condition is stable. Enlargement of helminths, as the bull tsepen and large pests on the inside of the tissue is often removed surgically. The course duration affects the life cycle of the species, the degree of the injury.
The third stage has as objective the recovery of the body and the prevention of re-infection. In cases of mild forms of the invasion of the simple treatments of well-being. Parasitic diseases the person may require long-term treatment and recovery, the cessation of the medications in the therapy process tightens the healing process.
Preventive measures
On the basis of the prevention lies with the compliance of personal hygiene, food processing, and the cleaning of the drinking water, the fulfillment of the sanitary norms at the time of the cooking of the meat and the fish. Care must be taken when bathing in fresh water, where the parasite of the huge number of undesirable. The protection of the ectoparasites is the application of the quality of insecticides, it is recommended to avoid contact with infected persons and things.
The most dangerous are considered to be pests that are found in the tropics and in warm countries, planning a trip to these places, you should take care of the protection against insects. All of the parasites that live in our body, are a health hazard, and the enforcement of the measures of prevention will prevent serious parasitic infections.